It's a common supposition on both left and right that everyone in the arts is a liberal, lefty, communist, or fellow traveller; at most there's one or two exceptions writing from a conservative position. Thus, Tony Kushner in
Only We Who Guard The Mystery Shall Be Unhappy has Laura Bush say:
The liberals may have nearly all the poets and painters and everybody else but WE have Dostoevsky and he obliterates the whole kitandkaboodle, we have Dostoevsky and so we win.
But is this the full story? For your consideration, I present the following. From libertarians to upper-class high-church snobs, with a smattering of one-nation tories, Nazi sympathisers, and the unprincipled rich, here's a list of notable novelists, poets, and a few other literary types of a rightist persuasion.
- Kingsley Amis - despite early socialism, he moved rightwards through his life to become a curmudgeonly conservative
- Martin Amis - in recent years has followed his father's path, with his views on Islam condemned by many left-wingers; also anti-communist, writing books about Stalin
- Jeffrey Archer - popular novelist and former Conservative Party MP; also convicted perjurer
- Honoré de Balzac - royalist and chronicler of a society in decline
- Hilaire Belloc - the poet and writer, known for his verse for children, was an admirer of fascism and especially Mussolini; he was a devout Catholic and has been accused of anti-semitism
- Saul Bellow - a youthful leftist he moved to the right, was culturally conservative, opposing political correctness and multiculturalism
- John Betjeman - a small-c conservative: an admirer of the English upper classes, a campaigner to preserve disappearing aspects of England, scornful of mass culture, and a Catholic
- William Peter Blatty - the Exorcist writer is a donor to the US Republican party
- Robert Brasillach - French novelist and journalist who collaborated with the Nazis
- Rupert Brooke - upper-middle-class poet known for his patriotic World War One verse, although he also moved in liberal circles
- John Buchan - the author of the 39 Steps was an MP for the Unionist Party in Scotland (which later merged with the Conservative Party), a keen imperialist, and has been accused of racism
- Jorge Luis Borges - the Argentinian postmodernist was an admirer of Latin American dictators, including Pinochet
- William F. Buckley, Jr - writer, tv presenter, and occasional novelist, a leading intellectual of US Republicanism from the 1960s to the 2000s
- Roy Campbell - South African poet and Catholic, he moved to Spain in the 1930s and supported Franco (unlike most writers who went to Spain); turned against the Bloomsbury group after his wife had an affair with Vita Sackville-West
- Orson Scott Card - best known for science fiction novels such as Ender's Game, he is also a pro-Republican commentator and a Mormon
- Thomas Carlyle - Scottish historian, satirist, and essayist who distrusted democracy and modernity, and believed nations needed great men to lead them, writing an admiring biography of Frederick the Great
- Willa Cather - a novelist who was conservative both in aesthetics and politics
- Louis-Ferdinand Céline - the modernist novelist was an anti-semite and supporter of Vichy France
- François-René de Chateaubriand - French royalist and a devout Catholic
- GK Chesterton - humorist and Christian apologist, converted to Catholicism; George Orwell accused him of writing "endless tirades against Jews"
- Agatha Christie - reactionary conservative who portrayed a bygone England, her early books included various racial caricatures
- Winston Churchill - winner of Nobel prize for literature for his non-fiction, and Conservative prime minister
- EM Cioran - Romanian philosopher and essayist, a pupil and follower of far-right philosopher Nae Ionescu
- Tom Clancy - popular spy novelist, has donated large amounts of money to the US Republican party
- Robin Cook - the thriller writer, not the deceased British Labour politician, is a Republican donor
- James Fenimore Cooper - wrote widely on political matters, influenced by Jefferson, notably supporting the landowners in the New York Anti-Rent Wars in the 1840s and 50s
- Patricia Cornwell - crime writer and Jack the Ripper enthusiast who has made large donations to the US Republican party, despite being a lesbian who has spoken out for equal rights
- Noel Coward - naturally conservative, author of comedies about the upper middle classes, although he was an agnostic
- Michael Crichton - climate-change denialist who satirised political correctness and accused liberal magazine editor Michael Crowley of being a small-dicked paedophile
- Ian Curteis - British writer whose play about the Falklands war was allegedly a victim of censorship by the left-wing BBC
- Robertson Davies - Canadian novelist with old-fashioned literary style and reactionary politics
- Benjamin Disraeli - Conservative prime minister and novelist, the father of moderate one-nation conservatism
- Michael Dobbs - conservative politician and prolific novelist, best known for Francis Urquhart books
- John Dos Passos - modernist novelist, initially a communist, he moved all the way across the political spectrum to become an admirer of Joe McCarthy
- Feodor Dostoyevsky - a reformer in his youth, he later moved to the right, seeking to defend the traditional Russian spirit
- Mircea Eliade - Romanian fiction writer and philosopher of religion, a fascist in the 1930s
- TS Eliot - former banker, socially and politically conservative, also accused of anti-semitism, said: "I am an Anglo-Catholic in religion, a classicist in literature and a royalist in politics"
- James Ellroy - critically acclaimed crime novelist has expressed right-wing authoritarian viewpoints, e.g. defending the LAPD over the Rodney King beating, but elsewhere claims this was just controversialist nonsense
- William Faulkner - although a liberal in his attitudes to race, the Southern US novelist is generally judged to be overall conservative
- Julian Fellowes - a writer whose subject is the English upper classes, his Conservative politics are no great surprise, and he's often on lists of celebrity Tory supporters
- Fillià - Italian futurist writer and painter known for his religious art, had links with fascists
- Frederick Forsyth - the British thriller writer has long been a supporter of the Conservative Party
- George MacDonald Fraser - the author of the humorous Flashman novels was a military man and a traditionalist in many areas of life, prominently campaigning against the metric system
- Robert Frost - American poet of conservative political views who became a national treasure and spoke at Kennedy's inauguration; he played at being a farmer but earned his money from teaching
- JW von Goethe - romantic conservative, admired the upper classes, and opposed the numerous revolutions of the late 18th/early 19th centuries
- Terry Goodkind - Ayn Rand-influenced sword and sorcery writer with enormous sales
- Knut Hamsun - Norwegian Nobel laureate (Hunger) and later a Nazi sympathiser
- Robert Heinlein - right-wing libertarian militaristic writer of (mostly) intelligent science fiction
- Hergé - Belgian comic-book writer of conservative politics, accused of racism and collaborating with the Nazis
- Michel Houellebecq - anti-political correctness, anti-Islam, anti-women, for his admirers he offers a critique of modern liberal humanism
- Ted Hughes - misanthropic violence-loving nature poet who detested modern life and became poet laureate and friends with the Queen Mother
- JK Huysmans - in his early life, a writer of Zola-influenced liberalism, he dallied briefly with fin de siecle decadence but converted to Catholicism and became a conservative
- PD James - English crime novelist and a Conservative peer in the House of Lords
- Antony Jay - Thatcherite writer of satirical sitcom Yes Minister
- Ernst Jünger - German writer who glorified the military following World War I and opposed democracy
- Jack Kerouac - the beat novelist moved right in the 1960s, supporting the Vietnam war, becoming friends with William F Buckley, and returning to the Catholic faith he was raised in
- Rudyard Kipling - poet of British patriotism and imperialism, defender of the British soldier
- Dean Koontz - thriller writer and supporter of US Republican party
- Philip Larkin - his posthumously-published letters revealed a racist, misogynistic, right-wing private man, while his poetry showed a kindlier backward-looking conservatism
- DH Lawrence - novelist and poet had liberal views early in his life but later moved towards fascism
- CS Lewis - Christian apologist and a moderate conservative, though he avoided political association and refused a CBE from Churchill
- Wyndham Lewis - influenced by the Futurists, he was briefly a supporter of Hitler, and often anti-semitic
- Liu Xiaobo - the Chinese writer, poet, and Nobel Peace Prize-winner was an admirer of George W Bush and a defender of American imperialism who criticised John Kerry for being insufficiently right-wing; also anti-Islam
- Mario Vargas Llosa - once a supporter of Castro, he became a free-market centre-right politician, while defending human rights, and ran unsuccessfully for the presidency of Peru
- André Malraux - the novelist, art historian and resistance fighter fought for the Republican side in the Spanish civil war, but in the 1960s he served as Charles de Gaulle's Minister of Cultural Affairs
- Thomas Mann - a supporter of the Kaiser in his youth, he moved in a liberal direction during the Weimar republic
- FT Marinetti - Italian proto-fascist poet, active as both an artistic and political leader; he split with Mussolini because he felt the Fascist party was too backward-looking
- Allan Massie - Scottish conservative historical novelist and journalist
- HL Mencken - satirist who opposed the New Deal and hated Franklin Roosevelt
- Stephenie Meyer - Mormon vampire novelist of conservative views
- Yukio Mishima - right-wing anti-democratic Japanese novelist and playwright who attempted a military coup
- Marianne Moore - like many in Pound and Eliot's circles, she was right-wing, a defender of American capitalism
- Iris Murdoch - a youthful communist and populariser of Sartre, she seemed to move rightwards, and like Ayn Rand was a fan of strong-willed almost demonic men; her philosophy focused on topics such as moral virtue; she opposed literary experimentalism, and demanded striking miners be shot
- Vladimir Nabokov - a conservative aesthete who fled Stalin's Russia
- VS Naipaul - Indo-Trinidadian Nobel laureate, conservative, accused of disliking the third world and Muslims
- Flannery O'Connor - Catholic moralist who mocked the godlessness of modern life in grotesque fiction
- Alexander Pope - conservative satirist
- PJ O'Rourke - satirist of right-wing sympathies
- John Osborne - angry young man who turned into a cantankerous old man
- Luigi Pirandello - experimental playwright allied himself with Mussolini, although his supporters claim it was purely from self-interest
- Ezra Pound - sophisticated and erudite aesthete, accused of being sympathetic to Mussolini in World War Two and imprisoned
- Anthony Powell - his Dance to the Music of Time chronicled rich English bohemians and he was an upper-class conservative
- Marcel Proust - upper-class aesthete, although homosexual, came from a conservative background; he avoided politics and his political position is contested
- Ayn Rand - popular philosopher and author of very long novels, known for her defence of entrepreneurs and for championing reason over emotions
- John Crowe Ransom - conservative US Southerner, involved with the Southern Agrarians (backward-looking pro-Confederate grouping) for a time
- Tim Rice - the lyricist, writer, and TV personality has supported the Conservative party for ages; he also does a lot of good work for charity
- Walter Scott - Scottish historical novelist of Tory sympathies, active in conservation but condemned by Mark Twain for romanticising war and chivalry; while pro-Jacobite and romantic about Scottish history he also defended the union with England
- Moshe Shamir - Israeli novelist, playwright, and politician, moved from early socialism to right-wing Likud and Tehiya parties
- Alexander Solzhenitsyn - the Soviet dissident had an understandable hatred of communism; on his arrival in the USA he allied himself with the neo-conservatives who believed the Soviet Union was the gravest threat to the USA's existence, and called for its destruction
- Nicholas Sparks - the author of drippy romantic fantasies donated to Republican senator Elizabeth Dole
- Gertrude Stein - collaborated with Vichy France; claims that she called for Hitler to be given the Nobel Peace Prize were probably a joke
- Wallace Stevens - insurance company executive who wrote abtruse modernist poetry
- Tom Stoppard - playwright is generally reckoned to be slightly right of centre despite his human rights work; an anti-communist long-associated with east European dissidents
- Jonathan Swift - conservative, devout Anglican satirist, converted from Whig to Tory
- Allen Tate - American agrarian poet, who later became a Roman Catholic and a legendary womaniser
- Alfred Lord Tennyson - the poet laureate was a traditional English gentleman who celebrated military virtue and the chivalrous middle ages, but was more liberal on some causes - he refused a baronetcy from Disraeli and was agnostic
- Hunter S Thompson - a libertarian and great believer in gun rights, although he hated most Republicans (despite a grudging respect for Nixon)
- JRR Tolkien - deeply conservative and strongly Catholic throughout his life, he supported Franco in the Spanish civil war, although he hated Hitler for perverting northern-European myths and traditions
- John Updike - novelist who wrote about suburbia with a conservative viewpoint
- Robert Penn Warren - poet, critic, and novelist (political satire All the King's Men), who had links with the Southern Agrarians but moved left and later became a father figure of American liberalism
- Keith Waterhouse - the author of Billy Liar was a Daily Mail columnist for decades until his death
- Evelyn Waugh - satirist of the British upper classes and author of Brideshead Revisited, a right-wing Catholic
- AN Wilson - British novelist, biographer, and newspaper columnist for the right-wing press, of firmly Conservative views
- PG Wodehouse - although he satirised British fascism in the 1930s, he did broadcasts from Nazi Germany in World War Two, and has been condemned as a collaborator; certainly a small-c conservative
- Tom Wolfe - satirist, journalist, and winner of the Literary Review's Bad Sex in Fiction Prize, an admirer of George W Bush and long-time Republican
- William Wordsworth - a radical in his youth, he became more conservative as he got older, repudiating his initial support for the French Revolution and eventually becoming a member of the establishment
- WB Yeats - Irish nationalist and mystic, a Nobel laureate for his poetry, who became increasingly conservative and eccentric and even flirted with fascism
Some suggestions from: Sans Everything, Ranker, WP, Bookslut, Iain Dale, BBC, ChuckerCanuck, Daily Mail, LibraryThing.
An interesting list. Wouldn't argue with the great majority of this, though I would strongly contest Hunter S Thompson. While being pro gun rights may often be seen as a "conservative" position in America, Thompson's libertarianism was firmly of the left-anarchist variety, as he frequently stated himself. The late Michael Foot made a strong case for Swift being a radical in his way.
ReplyDeleteOthers you could have had - Radclyfe Hall (despite her lesbianism scandalising the establishment, a Tory and a Mussolini sympathiser) John Braine (with Amis and Osborne, another "angry young man" who turned sharply Right) and Samuel Coleridge (went Right with his friend Worsworth.)
Note also, how a good few of the renegade writers:- Kingsley Amis, Saul Bellow wrote their best work before the Right-turn.
Good starting point but you forgot lots of big names (some of these started out on the left and then shifted to the right, while a small handul like Didion became more liberal)
ReplyDeleteVittorio Alfieri
Jean Anouilh
Giuseppe Gioachino Belli
Gottfried Benn
Georges Bernanos
Jorge Luis Borges
Elizabeth Bowen
John Braine
Basil Bunting
Anthony Burgess
Lewis Carroll
Camilo José Cela
G.K. Chesterton
John Clare
Paul Claudel
Jean Cocteau
Joseph Conrad
E.E. Cummings
Gabriele D'Annunzio
Guy Davenport
Grazia Deledda
Miguel Delibes
Thomas De Quincey
Joan Didion
Daphne du Maurier
Lawrence Durrell
Stefan George
Jean Giraudoux
George Gissing
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Nikolai Gogol
Ivan Goncharov
Jeremias Gotthelf
Henry Green
Knut Hamsun
Nathaniel Hawthorne
Geoffrey Hill
Hugo von Hofmannsthal
Gerard Manley Hopkins
Zora Neale Hurston
Eugene Ionesco
Robinson Jeffers
Heinrich von Kleist
Karl Kraus
Giuseppe di Lampedusa
Alphonse de Lamartine
Francois Mauriac
Cormac McCarthy
Eduard Mörike
Novalis
Flann O'Brien
John O'Hara
Katherine Anne Porter
Joseph Roth
Charles Peguy
Walker Percy
Fernando Pessoa
Simon Raven
Saki
Robert Louis Stevenson
Sigrid Undset
Guiseppe Ungaretti
Giovanni Verga
Alfred de Vigny
Edith Wharton
Baudelaire
ReplyDeleteA contribution from Italy.
ReplyDeleteJules-Amedée Barbey d'Aurevilly
Riccardo Bacchelli
Antonio Baldini
René Barjavel
Maurice Barrès
Henry Beam Piper
Jacinto Benavente
Sem Benelli
Giuseppe Berto
Antoine Blondin
Léon Bloy
Paul Bourget
Ray Bradbury (Republican and Bush fan)
Edgar Rice Burroughs (Tarzan creator)
Dino Buzzati (Italian small-c conservative)
Rino Cammilleri
Luigi Capuana
Vincenzo Cardarelli
John Dickson Carr
Raymond Chandler
Giuseppe Conte
Eugenio Corti
James Gould Cozzens
Roald Dahl
Michel Déon
Salvatore Di Giacomo
Arthur Conan Doyle
Pierre Drieu La Rochelle
Ramon Fernandez (French-Mexican author)
Henry Fielding (Tory)
Gustave Flaubert
John Gould Fletcher
Ian Fleming
Vince Flynn
Michael F. Flynn
Antonio Fogazzaro
Theodor Fontane
Henry Furst
Carlo Emilio Gadda (conservative-liberal and anti-fascit)
Garet Garret
John Gay
Fausto Gianfranceschi
William Gifford
Jean Giono
Nicolas Gomez Davila
Nikolaj Gogol
Franz Grillparzer
Grimm brothers
Giovanni Guareschi
Fitz-Greene Halleck
Carl Gustaf Verner von Heidenstam (the swedish D'Annunzio)
Mary Higgins Clark
Vintila Horia
A. E. Housman
T. E. Hulme
Henrik Ibsen
Washington Irving
and more...
More...
ReplyDeleteL. Frank Baum (author of "The Wonderful Wizard of Oz", Republican and women's suffrage advocate)
Henry James (is often considered a conservative)
Johannes V. Jensen
Samuel Johnson (XVIII century)
Hanns Johst (nazi poet laureate)
Marcel Jouhandeau
Friedrich Georg Jünger (poet and essayist, Ernst's brother)
Yasunari Kawabata (japanese Nobel prize in 1968)
Ludwig Klages
Andrew Klavan
Ernst Kriek
Raphael A.Lafferty
F.R. Leavis (British literary critic)
Nikolaj Leskòv
Eduard Limonov (national-bolshevik)
Brad Linaweaver
John Lukacs (historian)
Andrew N. Lytle
Ramiro de Maetzu
Curzio Malaparte (interested in communism only at the end of his life)
W.H. Mallock
David Mamet (previously liberal)
Paolo Mantegazza (writer and moderate right-wing MP)
Alessandro Manzoni (liberal-conservative and catholic author, one of the most important authors in the italian literature)
Charles Maurras
Michel-Georges Micberth
Frédéric Mistral
Gabriela Mistral
Eugenio Montale (liberal-conservative poet, Nobel laureate in 1975)
Robert de Montesquieu-Fezensac
Henry de Montherlant
Vincenzo Monti
Paul Morand
Les A. Murray (australian poet)
Orsola Nemi
Roger Nimier
Larry Niven
Giacomo Noventa
Patrick O'Brian
Barna Occhini
Alfredo Oriani
Jacob Paludan (danish novelist)
Alfredo Panzini
Giovanni Papini
José Maria Peman
Jacques Perret
Henrik Pontoppidan (danish novelist; Nobel prize in 1917)
Jerry Pournelle
Sully Proudhomme
and more...
And more...
ReplyDeleteJane Austen
Matthew Arnold
Massimo d'Azeglio
Carlo Alianello
Poul Anderson
Ludwig von Arnim
Ann Radcliffe
Jean Raspail
François Richard
Mary R. Rinehart
Frederick Rolfe, Baron Corvo
Ernst von Salomon
Rafael Sanchez Mazas
Dorothy L. Sayers
Carlo Sgorlon
Henryk Sienkiewicz (Nobel prize in 1905)
Daniel Silva
Georges Simenon
Robert Southey
Mickey Spillane
Alessandro Spina
William Makepeace Thackeray
Ludwig Tieck
Federigo Tozzi
Anthony Trollope
Miguel de Unamuno
Paul Valéry
Jack Vance
S.S. Van Dine
Jean de La Varende
Turi Vasile
Guido da Verona
Peter Viereck
Joseph A. Wambaugh
Morris L. West (australian novelist)
Jozef Weyssenhof
Juan Rodolfo Wilcock (in his late life he shifted to the conservative right)
Charles W.S. Williams (monarchist, member of the Inklings)
Louis de Wohl
Giacomo Zanella
Valentino Zeichen
I'm sure I missed a lot of names, but these are enough.
Bye bye from Italy.
Ford Madox Ford; August von Kotzebue; Joseph von Eichendorff; Tommaso Landolfi; Aldo Palazzeschi;H.P. Lovecraft; Margaret Oliphant; Sheridan Le Fanu; Charles Maturin; Arthur Machen; Jacques Laurent; John Gibson Lockhart; James Hogg (XIX cent. scottish poet); Martin Mosebach; Ernst Wiechert; José Maria Sanchez-Silva; Mario de Sa Carneiro; Afonso Lopes Vieira; Franz Werfel; Alexander Lernet-Holenia; George Mackay Brown; Edward Bulwer-Lytton; Francisco Umbral (in the last years of his life); Elinor Glyn; Joseph-Arthur de Gobineau; Mark Helprin.
ReplyDeleteNo one has mentioned Nietzsche, Schopenhauer or Kierkegaard among prominent right-leaning philosophers?
ReplyDeleteThere was also a considerable Spanish literary right during the 20th century: Ernesto Gimenez Caballero, Gerardo Diego, Azorin, Dionisio Ridruejo, Vicente Risco, Luis Rosales, Manuel Machado, Ramón Gómez de la Serna, José María Gironella, Dámaso Alonso, Leopoldo Panero, Josep Pla, etc. Ramón María del Valle-Inclán during his early Carlist phase as well.
And Leopoldo Lugones over in Argentina.
Others that haven't been mentioned: Charlotte Bronte, Jules Verne, Henry Adams, Zygmunt Krasinski, Saunders Lewis, Auguste Villiers de l'Isle-Adam, Botho Strauß, Adalbert Stifter, Giosue Carducci, Ardengo Soffici, Massimo Bontempelli, Lucien Rebatet, Erich Edwin Dwinger, Heimito von Doderer, David Jones, Max Beerbohm, Isak Dinesen, Ivan Bunin, H.L. Mencken, Albert Jay Nock, Alphonse Daudet, Leon Daudet, Bertrand de Jouvenel, Jacob Burckhardt, George Santayana, Dmitry Merezhkovsky, Max Jacob, Enrico Corradini, Giuseppe Prezzolini, Benedetto Croce (right-liberal), Jose Ortega y Gasset (right-liberal),
Graham Greene was also conservative during his early years as well, when he wrote much of his best-known work, such as The Power and the Glory.
Also worth noting that a number of great composers were right-leaning: Chopin, Tchaikovsky, Debussy, Strauss, Stravinsky, Schoenberg, Webern, Sibelius, etc.
ReplyDeleteIn painting/architecture, there's also right-leaning titans like Degas, Dali, Gaudi, Le Corbusier, Edward Hopper, Balthus, Emil Nolde. Many talented Italian painters likewise cooperated with the Fascist regime which patronized them: Sironi, Carrà, Morandi, Balla, Prampolini, Severini, Rho, Terragni, Depero, De Renzi, Maccari, even De Chirico got along fine with the regime.
Isaac Bashevis Singer, Jacques Chardonne, Alphonse de Châteaubriant, Henri Béraud, Pedro Muñoz Seca, Blas de Otero, José Zorrilla, Luis Felipe Vivanco.
ReplyDeleteAlso some filmmakers like Carl Dreyer, John Ford, Howard Hawks, Leo McCarey, Jean-Pierre Melville, Paul Morrissey, Michael Powell, Eric Rohmer, and Whit Stillman
For more historical/political work, don't forget Hippolyte Taine, Justus Möser, Vilfredo Pareto, Martin Heidegger, Thierry Maulnier, José Antonio Maravall, Ramón de Campoamor, Leonardo Castellani, Jaime Balmes, Eugeni d’Ors, Frédéric le Play, Jacques Bainville, Philip Rieff, early Jacques Maritain, Hugh Kenner, Arnold Gehlen, Othmar Spann, Max Hildebert Boehm, Joseph de Maistre, Louis de Bonald, Orestes Brownson, Paul Léautaud, Gustave Le Bon, Konstantin Leontiev, Juan Donoso Cortes, René de La Tour du Pin, Stanley Jaki, Friedrich Hielscher, Pierre Duhem, Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet, Denis de Rougemont, Philippe Ariès, Gaetano Mosca, Ernest Hello, Constantin Noica, Cyriel Verschaeve, Petre Tutea, Max Scheler, Carl Schmitt, Edgar Julius Jung, Carl Jung, Armin Mohler, Louis Rougier, François Guizot, Gustave Thibon, Gerhard Ritter, Robert Michels, Marshall McLuhan, and Leszek Kolakowski. Among others.
ReplyDeleteAnd Julien Freund, Hans Urs von Balthasar, Angel Ganivet, and Hans Freyer.
ReplyDeleteOliver Goldsmith, Elizabeth Gaskell, Richard Sheridan, Muriel Spark, Gottlob Frege, Andre Chenier, Edgar Allan Poe, Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo, Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn, Émile Keller, Dietrich von Hildebrand, Josef Pieper, Robert Nisbet, Wilhelm Ropke, François Coppée, Ignacio Agusti, Martin Walser, Abel Bonnard, Saint-Loup, José Maria de Pereda, Jules Lemaitre, Günter Eich, Charles Nodier.
ReplyDeleteModerate conservatives: Ernest Renan and Guillaume Apollinaire.
ReplyDeleteSome more Fascist intellectuals: Giovanni Gentile, Gioacchino Volpe, Sergio Panunzio, A.O. Olivetti, Ugo Spirito, Alfredo Rocco...
ReplyDeleteIn Germany, Werner Sombart was one of the theoreticians of "right-wing socialism."
Oswald Spengler too.
ReplyDeleteJohn Henry Newman, Brooks Adams, Malcolm Muggeridge, Nicolas Berdyaev, Vladimir Volkoff, Manuel Tamayo y Baus, arguably Tocqueville, later Schlegel, early Maurice Blanchot.
ReplyDeleteI think the topic is about writers, anyway, among the movie directors there is a huge hole named David Lynch, while Blas de Otero was a leftist, Richard Sheridan a whig (but today probably we would consider the XVIII century whigs as moderate right-wing, because they were for free-market and mostly against revolutionary ideas) and Adriano Olivetti was an irregular thinker.
ReplyDeleteI add the Dutch poet Willem Bilderdijk,the spaniards Gustavo Adolfo Bècquer, and Francisco Navarro Villoslada, the Romanian Petre Ţuţea, Radu Gyr, Mircea Vulcanescu, Mihail Sebastian, the Russian Nikolaj Gumilëv, Andrej Belyj, Michail Bulgakov, Ferdinand Ossendowski and Boris Pasternak.
Alexander Pushkin too. Contrary to the legend built around him, he was never more than a Constitutional Monarchist even during his most "radical" period. He became more conservative after the Decembrist revolt.
ReplyDeleteIsaac da Costa, Guillaume Groen van Prinsterer, Abraham Capadose.
ReplyDeleteIn addition to Nietzsche, Schopenhauer and Kierkegaard, Hegel was also a conservative of sorts.
ReplyDeleteWasn't Charles Ives rather conservative as well? He was an insurance executive after all.
Three of the most famous Impressionist painters were anti-dreyfusard, anti-semitic and reactionary: Degas, Cézanne and Renoir.
ReplyDeleteWe've forgotten Bruce Chatwin and Richard Aldington, the australian 1973 Nobel prize winning Patrick White (who supported the conservative Liberal Party of Australia at least until the mid 70's), the contemporary american historical novelist Elena Maria Vidal, Barbara Cartland, one of the everytime bestsellers, and the "italian Ibsen" Enrico Annibale Butti, neglected in Italy.
ReplyDeleteBeyond every suspicion Latin America is a "reservoir" for conservative authors: let's consider the brazilian novelists Nélson Rodrigues, Octavio de Faria, Cornélio Penna, Lúcio Cardoso and Gustavo Corção, the 'National Poet of Uruguay' Juan Zorrilla de San Martín, Constancio C. Vigil and the colombian poet and politician Guillermo Valencia.
Pio Baroja: Spanish Nietzschean who opposed democracy, socialism, communism as well as Christianity. Also compiled an antisemitic book entitled Comunistas, Judíos y demas ralea (Communists, Jews and other riff-raff).
ReplyDeleteAndre Gide: opposed socialism and sympathized with monarchism and the Action Francaise during the WW1 decade. Briefly flirted with Communism during the 1930s (which, unsurprisingly, gets most of the attention from critics) but traveled to the USSR and came back disillusioned. Published a book detailing the horrors of the Soviet Union which lead him being attacked and isolated by the left. Initially welcome the "discipline" brought by the Germans during the Occupation but gradually drifted towards a muted resistance.
Antoine de Rivarol
ReplyDeleteRamón Pérez de Ayala (right-of-center liberal, supported Franco)
Pierre Boutang
The today forgotten rural poet José María Gabriel y Galán was a very conservative and Catholic spanish man.
ReplyDeleteRomania has a great tradition of right-wing writers, dramatists, critics and poets - who often were political thinkers and activists too -, not only during the period of the Iron Guard, but also in the XIX end the early XX century. Just consider Ion Luca Caragiale, Mihai Eminescu, Ion Creangă, Titu Maiorescu, Duiliu Zamfirescu among the authors involved with the literary society "Junimea" and the magazine "Sămănătorul".
Mary Butts: overlooked British Modernist.
ReplyDeleteAdam Müller: conservative theorist and literary critic. Friends with people like Kleist.
Among filmmakers, Stanley Kubrick seemed to become more conservative after moving to Britain.
Werner Bergengruen
ReplyDeleteHans Carossa
Otto Flake
Rudolf Hagelstange
Reinhold Schneider
Gertrud von Le Fort
Josef Weinheber
Rudolf G. Binding
ReplyDeleteJohannes Bobrowski
Arnolt Bronnen
Herbert Eisenreich
Hanns Heinz Ewers
Rudolf Henz
Fritz Hochwälder
Akira Kurosawa was often considered a "reactionary" in Japan during his time, but I don't know if he was comfortable with that label. Some of his films do have a pronounced reactionary element to them (Kagemusha).
ReplyDeleteDavid Lean was called the "consummate Tory director" by Andre Bazin and was probably conservative in his personal life as well.
Andrzej Wajda's film Danton has clear counter-revolutionary sentiments. He has also made a film about the Katyń massacre. I'm not sure what his personal politics are.
Kurosawa was a socialist in his youth but that might have waned by his later years when he made Kagemusha.
ReplyDeleteEmilio De Marchi - novelist, in 1898 wrote an essay about his conservative ideas
ReplyDeleteFederico De Roberto - nationalist and pessimistic conservative, he praised the rise of fascism
Francesco Mastriani - italian XIX century dramatist and popular author, first reactionary, then a compassionate conservative, not a socialist as his so-called "socialist trilogy" could lead to think
Salvatore Satta - Catholic, anti-fascist conservative, has been a writer and a jurist
Pier Maria Rosso di San Secondo - sicilian dramatist, was fascist until the end, including the period of the RSI (Italian Social Republic)
Alberto Savinio - pen name of Andrea De Chirico, was the brother of the famous painter Giorgio De Chirico, in his youth (WWI) has been an aristocratic and anti-democratic nationalist, in the 30's tepidly espoused Fascism, until 1939, then turned to classical liberalism with a strong streak of Europeanism
Guelfo Civinini - writer, famous for the "La Fanciulla del West" libretto, adhered to Fascism, but didn't agree with the race laws and the Pact of Steel (1939)
Franco Alfano - composer, he supported Fascism
Gian Francesco Malipiero - italian composer, had a turbulent relationship with Fascism
Giacomo Puccini - he has been an early supporter of Fascism, but substantially disinterested in politics
Alfredo Casella - one of the staunchest Fascism's supporters among the italian composers of that period
Ildebrando Pizzetti - composer, in 1925 subscribed the 'Manifesto of the Fascist Intellectuals'
Consider also the 88 writers who signed the nazi "Gelöbnis treuester Gefolgschaft" in 1933.
ReplyDeleteHere's the Wikipedia link:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Gel%C3%B6bnis_treuester_Gefolgschaft
Here is a good bibliography of French Royalists:
ReplyDeletehttp://www.mmisi.org/ma/39_03/beum.pdf
Most of these have already been mentioned above, but here's a list of Spaniards who supported Franco during the Spanish Civil War:
ReplyDeletehttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_people_of_the_Spanish_Civil_War#Other
* Ramiro de Maeztu, assassinated
* José María Gironella
* Dionisio Ridruejo
* Ernesto Giménez Caballero
* José María Pemán
* Gerardo Diego
* Pedro Muñoz Seca, assassinated
* Josep Pla
* Rafael Sánchez Mazas
* Juan March Ordinas
* Pedro Laín Entralgo
* Wenceslao Fernández Flórez
* Luis Rosales
* Ramón Gómez de la Serna
* Salvador Dalí
* Juan de la Cierva
* Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
* José Antonio Maravall
* Álvaro Cunqueiro
* Ramón Serrano Súñer
* Pío Baroja
* Azorín
* Leopoldo Panero
* Ernesto Halffter
* Concha Espina
* Ramón Pérez de Ayala
* Eduardo Marquina
* Pedro Sainz Rodríguez
* Eugeni d'Ors
* José Ortega y Gasset
* Jacinto Benavente
* Miguel Delibes
* Camilo José Cela
* Manuel Machado
* Miguel de Unamuno, publicly recanted but privately still supported a Nationalist victory
The prominent Spanish poet and critic Dámaso Alonso also supported Franco.
ReplyDeleteA quick mention for some italian thinkers who somehow can be considered rightists, from centre to far-right: the literary or art critics Alfredo Mezio, Rodolfo Quadrelli, Vittorio Cian, Mario Praz, Ugo Ojetti, Emanuele Samek Lodovici, Luca Beatrice, Vittorio Sgarbi, Corrado Ricci, Geno Pampaloni, the historians Rosario Romeo, Gioacchino Volpe, Marina Valensise and the libertarian Giordano Bruno Guerri, the essayists Marcello Veneziani and Giano Accame, the 'free' editor Vanni Scheiwiller, the scholar of oriental cultures Giuseppe Tucci, the conservative-liberal political scientists Filippo Burzio and Panfilo Gentile, the egyptologist Boris de Rachewiltz, the classicists Goffredo Coppola (who was executed with Mussolini in 1945) and Ettore Paratore, the archaeologists Massimo Pallottino, Pericle Ducati and Biagio Pace, the movie directors Franco Zeffirelli and Gualtiero Jacopetti, the educators Augusto Alfani and Ernesto Codignola, the musician and musicologist Bruno Barilli, the conductor and composer Gino Marinuzzi, the composer Pietro Mascagni, the historian of religion Raffaele Pettazzoni, the mathematician Salvatore Pincherle, the founder of endocrinology Nicola Pende, the inventor Guglielmo Marconi, the “hub” of the fascist culture, Giuseppe Bottai, and popular writers like Luciano Zuccoli, Guido Milanesi, Alessandro De Stefani, Lucio d'Ambra, Ernesto Murolo, Ferdinando Martini, Fausto Maria Martini, Vittorio G. Rossi, Luigi Barzini senior.
ReplyDeletePietrangelo Buttafuoco – novelist, essayist and journalist, self-describing as a filo-islamic “fascist”
ReplyDeleteAndrea G. Pinketts – anti-conformist thriller author and journalist, he started his career writing on right-wing magazines and never denied to be a rightist
Alessandro Bonsanti – he was a liberal-conservative novelist and politician for the PRI
Nantas Salvalaggio- conservative novelist and journalist
Giordano Tedoldi, Domenico Di Tullio and Gabriele Marconi are writers close to the “social right” positions.
Massimiliano Parente and Davide Brullo are two contemporary highbrow writers who contribute to right-wing newspapers: the first can be considered a libertarian, the second, who is also a poet, seems to be a 'romantic conservative'.
Ennio Flaiano, the writer mostly famous for his work with Fellini, was an irregular intellectual, a moderate liberal, often considered an anarcho-conservative liberal.
The philosopher Nicola Abbagnano and the novelist Piero Chiara (who was a freemason) held some offices for the anti-fascist, centre-right leaning PLI – Italian Liberal Party.
Julius Evola – philosopher and esotericist
ReplyDeleteAdriano Tilgher – anti-fascist liberal-conservative philosopher
Armando Plebe – a marxist philosopher until the 70s, when shifted to the harsh right, he's been a MP for MSI and Democrazia Nazionale
Anacleto Verrecchia – anarcho-conservative philosopher
Vittorio Mathieu – philosopher and moderate right-wing politician
Stefano Zecchi – aesthetic philosopher, he supports Berlusconi's centre-right
Augusto Del Noce – Catholic philosopher
Quirino Principe – traditionalist conservative musicologist
Piero Buscaroli – far right-wing musicologist
Armando Torno – moderate conservative philosopher and journalist
Andrea Emo – very original nihilistic philosopher, he developed a unique thinking (not in politics only); was an aristocrat, supported Fascism, being disillusioned, and after the WWII, in 1953, stood for the parliament with the right-wing party MSI, without being elected
Giuseppe Rensi – philosopher, he moved from socialistic and democratic ideas to conservative, filo-fascistic positions, then, eventually, he became an anti-fascist in a curious reactionary way
Ugo Spirito – actualist philosopher, he was in favour of integral corporatism, so he's been considered as a “left-wing fascist”
The great Rumanian writer Mateiu Caragiale, son of Ion Luca Caragiale, was also an aristocratic conservative.
ReplyDeleteAuguste Rodin and Henri de Toulouse-Lautrec were both Anti-Dreyfusards in addition to Degas, Cézanne, Renoir, Valéry, Jules Verne, and others. Toulouse-Lautrec also contributed illustrations to antisemitic journals. I don't know much about their politics beyond that.
ReplyDeleteThe great French director Robert Bresson was a conservative Catholic.
ReplyDeleteGunnar Gunnarsson, one of the greatest Icelandic authors from the last century, was a highly conservative man and even leaned towards Nazism during the 1930s. He had his home raided by Allied troops after WWII because it was believed Hitler had escaped and was hiding there.
ReplyDeleteFrench author Sibylle Aimée Marie-Antoinette Gabrielle de Riquetti de Mirabeau, known under the pseudonym GYP, was a prominent anti-Dreyfusard and right-wing anarchist.
ReplyDeleteFlorent Schmitt, considered one of the greatest composers during his lifetime, has seen his star wane since his death for his ardent support of Fascism.
ReplyDeleteMany of the great conductors of that era -- Victor de Sabata, Herbert von Karajan, Wilhelm Furtwängler, Willem Mengelberg -- were likewise implicated to some extent through their Fascist or Nazi connections. Same for the composers Hans Pfitzner, Carl Off, Geirr Tveitt, and the musical theorist Heinrich Schenker.
Among the composers let me remember the francoist Joaquín Turina.
ReplyDeleteThe famous italian violinist Uto Ughi is also a rightist.
France:
ReplyDeleteAugustin-Louis Cauchy (famous mathematician, royalist in politics)
A.D.G. (Alain Fournier, far-right hardboiled novelist)
Marcel Aymé
Kléber Haedens
Daniel Halévy
Roland Laudenbach
Régine Pernoud (medievalist)
Alain-Gérard Slama (essayist)
Germany:
Carl Friedrich Gauss(mathematician and scientist)
Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
Detlev von Liliencron
Ernst Bertram
Rudolf Borchardt
Gustav Falke
Fouqué
Friedrich Klopstock
Christian Körner
Christoph Wieland
Gerd Gaiser
Felix Jacoby (classicist and philologist)
Niklas Luhmann (sociologist)
Rudolf Pechel
Josef Pieper (philosopher)
Curt von Westernhagen
UK, USA and Canada:
the three Brontë sisters, not Charlotte only
Freya Stark
Auberon Waugh (son of Evelyn, he's been a writer and a journalist too)
Saunders Lewis (Welsh poet, writer and political activist)
Andy McNab
Clive Cussler, Dale Brown, Brad Thor, Nelson DeMille, W.E.B. Griffin, Robin Cook and Stephen Coonts (thriller USA authors)
Willard Quine
Ralph Adams Crams (USA architect)
Andrew Wyeth (USA painter)
Robertson Davies (Canadian writer)
Hugh Kenner (Canadian literary critic)
Kenneth Minogue (Australian political scientist)
Italy:
ReplyDeleteArrigo Boito (in his mature age)
Riccardo Carafa
Girolamo Comi (hermetic poet)
Arturo Onofri (metaphysician poet)
Giovanni Comisso
Bruno Corra
Marcello Gallian
Roberto Gervaso (journalist and essayist)
Guglielmo Giannini (Italian movie director, screenplayer, journalist and right/populist liberal politician)
Francesco Meriano (futuristic poet and writer)
Volt (futuristic writer and journalist)
Ada Negri (poet)
Michele Federico Sciacca, Balbino Giuliano, Francesco Orestano (philosophers)
Guido Manacorda (the germanist and philologist, not the marxist literary critic Giuliano)
Spain:
Salvador Bermudez de Castro (the XIX century poet)
Portugal:
Luis de Almeida Braga
José Pequito Rebelo
António Sardinha
José Hipólito Raposo
Miguel Esteves Cardoso (living monarchist novelist and journalist)
Raul Leal
Alberto Monsaraz
Ramalho Ortigão
Santa-Rita Pintor (futurist writer and painter)
Amadeo de Souza Cardoso (painter)
West and North Europe:
Gerd Honsik (Austrian contemporary poet and Holocaust denier)
Konrad Lorenz (Austrian ethologist, 1973 Nobel Prize in Physiology)
Josef Weinheber (austrian poet, novelist and essayist)
Friedrich Torberg (jewish austrian writer)
Willem de Clerq (Dutch manager and poet)
Carel Gerretson (Dutch historian, politician and, as Geerten Gossaert, poet)
Andreas Kinneging (Dutch philosopher)
Wies Moens (Flemish poet and literary historian)
Rolf Jacobsen (Norwegian modernist poet, liberal until the thirties, during the WW II became a member of the nazi Nasjonal Samling)
Emil Nolde (danish painter)
Russia:
ReplyDeleteSergey Aksakov (father), Ivan and Konstantin Aksakov (Sergey's sons)
Apollon Grigoriev (Russian XIX century poet and literary critic)
Nikolaj Strachov (philosopher and scholar)
Fyodor Tyutchev (one of the three great russian romantic poets)
East Europe (except Hungary):
Mile Budak (Croatian novelist and politician)
Jan Čep (Catholic Czech writer and translator)
Jakub Deml (Czech Catholic priest and novelist)
Jaroslav Durych (Czech writer)
Viktor Dyk (ultraconservative and fascist Czech poet)
Panait Cerna (Romanian poet, philosopher, literary critic and translator)
Eugen Lovinescu (Romanian writer and academic)
Alexandru Vlahuţă (romanian writer and main editor of the conservative magazine Sămănătorul)
Alois Jirásek (Czech writer)
Jan Zahradníček (czech Catholic poet)
Václav Renč (czech poet and dramatist)
Jovan Koseski (Slovene lawyer and poet)
Lovro Toman (slovene poet)
Miloš Crnjanski (serbian novelist, socialist when young)
Petar Njegoš (serbian-montenegrin XIX century prince and bishop, mostly famous as a poet)
Stevan Sremac (serbain writer)
Antanas Maceina (lithuanian philosopher)
Bronys Raila (lithuanian poet)
Karl Ristikivi (estonian historical novelist)
Latin America:
Gustavo Barroso (Brazilian far-right writer and politician)
Dragoš Kalajić was a far-right wing serbian painter, writer and essayist.
ReplyDeleteHungary:
ReplyDeleteGéza Féja (some consider him as a right-wing populist, some a leftist)
Ferenc Herczeg
Gyula Krúdy
Sándor Márai (anti-fascist and anti-communist conservative)
Dezső Szabó
Lőrinc Szabó
Mária Szabó (1888 – 1982; “back-to-the-soil” conservative novelist)
Albert Wass (hungarian anti-semitic novelist from Transylvania)
József Erdélyi
János Kodolányi (writer, he was a leftist until the 30s, when shifted to a “third way”, right-wing, not fascist thinking)
József Nyírő (writer, priest and politician, he went into exile in 1944)
Cécile Tormay
Miklós Surányi
János Horváth and Pál Gyulai (conservative literary critics)
Jenő Rákosi (journalist, publicist and writer)
Gyula Somogyváry (military novelist and right-wing politician)
Béla Menczer (historian and journalist, he moved from revolutionary socialism to counterrevolutionary conservatism)
Péter Béndek (born in 1968, he's a conservative political philosopher)
Lázsló Németh (the position of this novelist was more intricate, he waved between right and left populism, inspired by the thought of Oswald Spengler)
Few know that Edgar Allan Poe was aristocratic in politics.
ReplyDeleteCharles A. Coulombe considers him as a "romantic conservative", like Poe's friend Washington Irving.
The outstandind critic Van Wyck Brooks has written: << Poe considered democracy a delusion and an evil. His writings were to bristle with allusions to the “rabble” and the “canaille”, to democracy as “an admirable form of government – for dogs,” to voting as “meddling” with public affairs and republican government as “rascally,” while they also express contempt of the writer for “reform cranks” and “progress mongers.” Poe had no faith, as he often said, in human perfectibility or the general notions of equality, progress and improvement. >> (quoted from Milton Meltzer, Edgar Allan Poe: a Biography, Twenty-first Century Books, 2003, page 35).
Alain De Benoist -- Nouvelle Droite theorist.
ReplyDeleteOlavo de Carvalho -- Brazilian conservative philosopher
Georges Dumézil -- French linguist and monarchist.
Henri Massis -- monarchist literary critic and essayist.
Rainer Maria Rilke -- praised Mussolini during the 1920s and called for a return to order.
Helmut Schelsky -- conservative sociologist.
More French right-wingers:
ReplyDeleteRené Benjamin
Jean Cau
Jacques Benoist-Méchin
Louis Pauwels
Excellent list and comments.
ReplyDeleteYou should add Edmund Burke, who was one of the greatest rhetoricians in the history of politics.
I see Samuel Johnson's name in the comments, but he definitely should be in the list.
Minor note: Updike was a Democrat by party affiliation, but an outspokenly conservative one.
Regarding the conservative bona fides of Zora Neale Hurston, the outstanding African-American woman writer of the 20th Century, I documented them in National Review in 1995 in a review of her collected works by the Library of America:
ReplyDeletehttp://www.isteve.com/zora.htm
Another interesting list would by right-wing gays. It would be lengthy.
ReplyDeleteAmong screenwriters / television writers, certainly Mike Judge, creator of King of the Hill, Beavis and Butt-Head, Office Space, and Idiocracy.
ReplyDeleteNabokov was a faithful subscriber to Buckley's "National Review."
ReplyDeleteSome more conservative philosophers: Theodor Haecker, Nicolai Hartmann, George Uscătescu
ReplyDeleteAlso the poets Horia Stamatu, Aron Cotruş and Konrad Weiß.
Some conservative Russian philosophers: Vassily Rozanov, Pitirim Sorokin, Nikolay Strakhov
ReplyDeleteThe pro-Fascist French adventurer and writer Henry de Monfreid.
ReplyDeleteAlso the Catholic writer Henry Bordeaux.
The Russian film director Nikita Mikhalkov is a Slavophile, nationalist, and supporter of Putin.
ReplyDeleteAnother great French rightist author: Jacques de Lacretelle.
ReplyDeleteAmong filmmakers, Raoul Walsh was also conservative.
Poet and Historian Robert Conquest.
ReplyDeleteFilm-maker Elia Kazan (who "named names" at the McCarthy enquiries).
Author Pascal Bruckner.
Czech playwright and politician Vaclav Havel.
Philosopher and novelist Ayn Rand.
And what about Roald Dahl? Wasn't he right-leaning?
W.H. Auden started as a communist, then became a conservative Anglican.
You may as well include entire art and literature fashions and movements as well, e.g the Parnassians, Symbolists, decadents and dandies. Then there's the Futurists, Wyndham-Lewis's Vorticists, the best of the British Movement Poets. Also many late-Romantic composers of the 19th. century were ethnic-nationalists.
In a documentary, interviewed by John Sylvester, the painter Francis Bacon declared himself as "on the Right".
ReplyDeleteAlso the Australian painter Albert Tucker and Catholic anti-communist poet Douglas McAuley.
John Ruskin declared himself a Tory in the mold of Walter Scott.
ReplyDeleteThe Swede Ornulf Tigerstedt was a fascist sympathizer.
ReplyDeleteThe Swedish-speaking Finn poet Bertel Gripenberg also was a fascist upholder like Tigerstedt.
ReplyDeleteThe french hard-boiled novelist, surrealist in his youth, Léo Malet moved from anarchism to arabophobia in the old age.
At last I list Mario Morasso, a pre-futuristic essayist, theorist of the 'egoarchia', and Juan Vázquez de Mella, a traditionalist conservative spanish writer and politician at the turn of the eighteenth and nineteenth century.
The underrated Falangist writer Agustín de Foxá.
ReplyDeleteThe linguist and National Socialist sympathizer Jan de Vries.
Don't forget the right-wing Brechtian filmmaker Hans-Jürgen Syberberg.
ReplyDeleteIt's a long list. Here's a couple more Australians who qualify as creative writers on the Right: Clive James and Barry Humphries.
ReplyDeleteThe contemporary Spanish novelist Antonio Burgos is a conservative and writes for ABC.
ReplyDeleteThe German conservative essayist Gerhard Nebel (friend of Ernst Jünger).
ReplyDeleteThe reaganian political scientist James Quinn Wilson, formerly a democrat, who is dead few days ago.
ReplyDeletePierre-Simon Ballanche
ReplyDeleteFustel de Coulanges
Hugues Rebell
Jean des Vallières
Robert Poulet
Paul Sérant
Louis Salleron
Raymond Ruyer
Jules Monnerot
Dominique de Roux
Raoul Girardet
Michel Mourlet
Friedrich Carl von Savigny
Leopold von Ranke
Manuel Gálvez
Hugo Wast
Renaud Camus
ReplyDeleteAndré Fraigneau
Pierre Gripari
Valery Larbaud
Félicien Marceau
Michel Mohrt
Henry Montaigu
Philippe Muray
François Nourissier
Jean Sévillia
Pol Vandromme
The TV author and producer (Carnivàl, Spartacus: Blood and Sand) Daniel Knauf came out as a conservative in a tweet on Andrew Breibart's death.
ReplyDeleteLouis Veuillot, the great Catholic ultramontanist.
ReplyDeleteJean de Fabrègues
ReplyDeleteJean-Pierre Maxence
Amity Shaes
ReplyDeletePlease don't bother listing poseurs like Amity Schlaes.
ReplyDeleteSome noteworthy Spanish conservative writers:
Pedro Antonio de Alarcón
Fernán Caballero
Luis Coloma
Armando Palacio Valdés
Juan Valera y Alcalá-Galiano
Albert de Mun
ReplyDeletePierre Lasserre
Louis Dimier
Jean Parvulesco
Jean Mabire
Georg Quabbe
Hans Bogner
August Winnig
Günter Rohrmoser
Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner
Günter Maschke
Karlheinz Weißmann
Carlo Costamagna
Eugenio Montes
Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora
Nikolai Karamzin
Dominique Venner
ReplyDeleteLev Tikhomirov
Ivan Ilyin
Georges Valois shifted from royalist to fascist to a sort of libertarian corporatism.
ReplyDeleteAnother Hungarian right-wing populist author was Áron Tamási.
Just adding these to make it easier for others to find this page:
ReplyDeleteécrivains de droite
droitiste
scrittori di destra
derecha
derechtista
Schriftsteller
Rechts
conservatore
conservatrice
Some more fascista theorists:
ReplyDeleteAgostino Lanzillo
Camillo Pellizzi
Berto Ricci
Marcel De Corte, Belgian philosopher
ReplyDeleteRaymond Abellio
ReplyDeleteRicardo Rojas, the conservative Argentine nationalist.
ReplyDeleteThe contemporary Catholic traditionalist writer Juan Manuel de Prada.
ReplyDeleteThe Spanish philosopher Antonio Tovar.
ReplyDeleteThe Catalan poet Joan Maragall.
ReplyDeleteJoan Estelrich was also a conservative Catalan writer and supporter of Franco during the Civil War.
ReplyDeleteAntonio Aparisi Guijarro was an influential Carlist thinker.
ReplyDeleteA great semi-forgotten Catholic novelist from Spain: Ricardo León y Román
ReplyDeletePierre Gaxotte, the monarchist historian.
ReplyDeleteThomas Molnar
ReplyDeleteRoger Scruton
Karl Ludwig von Haller
Konstantin Pobedonostsev
Denis Tillinac and Jean d'Ormesson are two contemporary French writers that vote for the conservatives.
ReplyDeleteAlso to be mentioned is the traditionalist René Guénon.
José Luis Arrese, one of the main theoreticians of Spanish national syndicalism.
ReplyDeleteNicomedes Pastor Díaz
ReplyDeleteFranz Xaver von Baader, the Catholic philosopher and mystic.
ReplyDeleteThe Catalan novelist Lorenzo Villalonga supported Franco and has been unjustly ignored as a result.
ReplyDeleteSome others:
Edgar Neville
Julio Camba
Enrique Jardiel Poncela
Miguel Mihura
Giovanni Boine, a proto-fascist poet and essayist.
ReplyDeletePetre P. Carp
ReplyDeleteIoan C. Filitti
Vasile Pogor
Alexandru D. Xenopol
Ioan Slavici
ReplyDeleteGeorge Coșbuc
ReplyDeleteNicolae Iorga
Alexandru Vlahuță
I really love the " oh, and they hated Jews" remarks in the descriptions of some of the luminaries in your list. Really, take some time to compile a list of notable left-wing artists from the 19th & early 20th century, and see if you don't uncover some anti-Semites.
ReplyDeleteMiguel Serrano, chilean diplomat, esotericist and writer
ReplyDeleteI see racialist losers have stumbled upon this place. Can't wait for someone to mention Savitri Devi. Oops, well there it is.
ReplyDeleteWhat definition of Conservative is the standard for this site?
ReplyDeleteA writer, an artist or a thinker in general (man or woman) who describes himself (herself) as a conservative, writes on conservatives newspapers and magazines, runs for elections for a conservative party.
ReplyDeleteThen there are reactionaries, fascists, conservative-liberals, centre-rightists ecc.
"What definition of Conservative is the standard for this site?"
ReplyDeleteIn general, not the American one.
Great effort, but let down by conforming with the nonsense that the NSDAP or Italian fascists were of the right. They had socialist programmes, were formed by socialists, described themselves by socialists, implemented progressive obsessions of the preceding decades and were actively supported by western socialists (as opposed to the lesser of two evil support they got from some conservatives as a bulwark against bolshevism).
ReplyDeleteMeanwhile, they were anti-conservative, anti-capitalist, anti-clerical, anti-individual and pro collectivism. They fought sectarian wars with other leftists for the same audience (Hitler explicitly says as much).
These movements used race and nation rather than class as the means for establishing the them and us dynamic upon which applied socialism always depends - that is their only novelty and departure.
Finally, today's democratic left wing programme owes far more to Mussolini than Lenin (say).
Looks like we have an Ameritard in the last comment. You might want to read some of the names above so that you'll realize that many right-wingers prior to WWII were anti-capitalist and anti-individualist, capitalism and individualism being key elements of classical liberalism, which they opposed in addition to the radical left. There are right-wing forms of socialism which have little to do with Marxist socialism, and fascism fits within the former tradition. And many European conservatives did enthusiastically support fascist regimes.
ReplyDeleteNot american; read your own comment without prejudice. What you are described are strands of left wing thought. Try and find a pre WW2 designation of Italian fascism as right wing.
ReplyDeleteWhat are right wing forms of socialism? What defines them as right wing? You are putting your emphasis in the wrong place. Any definition that puts fascism on the far right puts Rand, Freidman, Hayek, Von Mises on the far left. Does that make sense? I think not.
Fascism was an evolution of radical socialism evolved by radical socialists, a formally nationalist version distinguished from formally internationalist but in practice often highly nationalist rivals. It's developments around a corporatist model have bequeathed more to today's centre left than Marxim Leninism has.
The intellectual somersaults required to put fascism on the left are so improbable they could surely only happen in the context they do; sectarian argument.
Here is Mussolini himself:
ReplyDelete"Political doctrines pass; nations remain. We are free to believe that this is the century of authority, a century tending to the 'right', a Fascist century."
-- The Doctrine of Fascism
Retard, I suggest you read the works of Enrico Corradini, Alfredo Oriani, Giuseppe Bottai, Charles Maurras, Maurice Barres, Arthur Moeller van den Bruck, Oswald Spengler, and Othmar Spann among others if you want to find out what right-wing forms of socialism look like. Nor was this a unique development. The European right has traditionally been hostile to capitalism. You might want to check out what right-wingers like Louis de Bonald, Antoine de Rivarol, Adam Müller, Frédéric le Play, Albert de Mun, René de La Tour du Pin, Ramiro de Maeztu, among many others, had to say about your precious capitalism. All of these people were considered on the right during their lifetimes. You don't have a fucking clue.
Also worth pointing out that von Mises, Hayek, and Friedman all openly identified themselves as *classical liberals*. Odd examples of right-wingers. Classical liberalism might pass for the "right" in the Anglophone world, but anyone who knows a little history knows that often wasn't the case in continental Europe prior to WWII.
ReplyDeleteAs the person who posted most of the non-Italian anonymous posts above, now might be a good time to collate the names into a single list. I know I probably missed a bunch, but this is a start. Sorted according to language:
ReplyDeleteFrench:
Raymond Abellio
Guillaume Apollinaire
Philippe Ariès
Marc Augier
Marcel Aymé
Jacques Bainville
Pierre-Simon Ballanche
Honoré de Balzac
Jules Barbey d'Aurevilly
Maurice Bardèche
Maurice Barrès
Charles Baudelaire
René Benjamin
Alain de Benoist
Jacques Benoist-Méchin
Henri Béraud
Georges Bernanos
Antoine Blanc de Saint-Bonnet
Antoine Blondin
Léon Bloy
Louis de Bonald
Abel Bonnard
Paul Bourget
Pierre Boutang
Robert Brasillach
Renaud Camus
Jean Cau
Louis-Ferdinand Céline
Jacques Chardonne
François-René de Chateaubriand
Alphonse de Châteaubriant
Paul Claudel
Jean Cocteau
Léon Daudet
Marcel De Corte
Michel Déon
Paul Déroulède
Louis Dimier
Pierre Drieu La Rochelle
Georges Dumézil
Jean de Fabrègues
André Fraigneau
Julien Freund
Denis Fustel de Coulanges
Pierre Gaxotte
Jean Giono
Raoul Girardet
Jean Giraudoux
Arthur de Gobineau
Pierre Gripari
René Guénon
Kléber Haedens
Daniel Halévy
Ernest Hello
Michel Houellebecq
Joris-Karl Huysmans
Max Jacob
Marcel Jouhandeau
Bertrand de Jouvenel
Émile Keller
Jacques de Lacretelle
Pierre Lasserre
René de La Tour du Pin
Jacques Laurent
Jean de La Varende
Gustave Le Bon
Jules Lemaître
Frédéric Le Play
Jean Mabire
Joseph de Maistre
Félicien Marceau
Jacques Maritain
Henri Massis
Thierry Maulnier
François Mauriac
Charles Maurras
Jean-Pierre Maxence
Michel-Georges Micberth
Frédéric Mistral
Jules Monnerot
Henry de Montherlant
Paul Morand
Michel Mourlet
Albert de Mun
Roger Nimier
Charles Nodier
François Nourissier
Jean d'Ormesson
Jean Parvulesco
Louis Pauwels
Charles Péguy
Jacques Perret
François Perroux
Robert Poulet
Jean Raspail
Lucien Rebatet
Hugues Rebell
Ernest Renan
François Richard
Antoine de Rivarol
Louis Rougier
Dominique de Roux
Louis Salleron
Paul Sérant
Jean Sévillia
Alain-Gérard Slama
Hippolyte Taine
Gustave Thibon
Denis Tillinac
Alexis de Tocqueville
Georges Vacher de Lapouge
Paul Valéry
Jean des Vallières
Georges Valois
Pol Vandromme
Dominique Venner
Jules Verne
Louis Veuillot
Alfred de Vigny
Auguste Villiers de L'Isle-Adam
Vladimir Volkoff
English:
Brooks Adams
Henry Adams
Max Beerbohm
Hilaire Belloc
Peter L. Berger
John Betjeman
Elizabeth Bowen
Orestes Brownson
Anthony Burgess
Edmund Burke
Thomas Carlyle
Lewis Carroll
Raymond Chandler
John Clare
Samuel Taylor Coleridge
Joseph Conrad
Noel Coward
E. E. Cummings
Guy Davenport
Robertson Davies
Benjamin Disraeli
Lawrence Durrell
T. S. Eliot
Ford Madox Ford
Robert Frost
George Gissing
Henry Green
Geoffrey Hill
Gerard Manley Hopkins
A. E. Housman
T. E. Hulme
Henry James
David Jones
Rudyard Kipling
Erik von Kuehnelt-Leddihn
Philip Larkin
D. H. Lawrence
Saunders Lewis
Wyndham Lewis
Anthony Ludovici
W. H. Mallock
Marshall McLuhan
H. L. Mencken
Thomas Molnar
V. S. Naipaul
John Henry Newman
Robert Nisbet
Albert Jay Nock
Michael Oakeshott
Flannery O'Connor
John O'Hara
Edgar Allan Poe
Ezra Pound
Anthony Powell
Thomas de Quincey
John Crowe Ransom
Simon Raven
Philip Rieff
John Ruskin
Saki
George Santayana
Sir Walter Scott
Roger Scruton
Gertrude Stein
Wallace Stevens
Robert Louis Stevenson
Tom Stoppard
Allen Tate
Evelyn Waugh
Edith Wharton
W. B. Yeats
German:
ReplyDeleteFranz Xaver von Baader
Gottfried Benn
Ernst Bertram
Max Hildebert Boehm
Hans Bogner
Rudolf Borchardt
Jacob Burckhardt
Houston Stewart Chamberlain
Heimito von Doderer
Annette von Droste-Hülshoff
Joseph Freiherr von Eichendorff
Gustav Falke
Gottfried Feder
Friedrich de la Motte Fouqué
Hans Freyer
Arnold Gehlen
Friedrich von Gentz
Stefan George
Johann Wolfgang von Goethe
Jeremias Gotthelf
Franz Grillparzer
Karl Ludwig von Haller
Martin Heidegger
Friedrich Hielscher
Hugo von Hofmannsthal
C. G. Jung
Edgar Julius Jung
Ernst Jünger
Friedrich Georg Jünger
Gerd-Klaus Kaltenbrunner
Ludwig Klages
Gertrud von Le Fort
Paul Lensch
Alexander Lernet-Holenia
Detlev von Liliencron
Günter Maschke
Robert Michels
Arthur Moeller van den Bruck
Armin Mohler
Eduard Mörike
Martin Mosebach
Justus Möser
Adam Müller
Gerhard Nebel
Ernst Niekisch
Friedrich Nietzsche
Novalis
Georg Quabbe
Josef Pieper
Leopold von Ranke
Hermann Rauschning
August Wilhelm Rehberg
Rainer Maria Rilke
Günter Rohrmoser
Joseph Roth
Ernst von Salomon
Friedrich Carl von Savigny
Max Scheler
Helmut Schelsky
Friedrich von Schlegel
Carl Schmitt
Arthur Schopenhauer
Werner Sombart
Martin Spahn
Othmar Spann
Oswald Spengler
Friedrich Julius Stahl
Christoph Steding
Adalbert Stifter
Botho Strauß
Heinrich von Treitschke
Karl Freiherr von Vogelsang
Josef Weinheber
Karlheinz Weißmann
Ernst Wiechert
August Winnig
Hans Zehrer
Spanish:
Nimio de Anquin
Antonio Aparisi Guijarro
Azorín
Jaime Balmes
Gustavo Adolfo Bécquer
Jacinto Benavente
Jorge Luis Borges
Antonio Burgos
Ramón de Campoamor
Leonardo Castellani
Camilo José Cela
Álvaro Cunqueiro
Miguel Delibes
Gerardo Diego
Juan Donoso Cortés
Joan Estelrich
Gonzalo Fernández de la Mora
Agustín de Foxá
Manuel Gálvez
Ángel Ganivet
Enrique Gil y Robles
Ernesto Giménez Caballero
Nicolás Gómez Dávila
Ramón Gómez de la Serna
Carlos Ibarguren
Rodolfo Irazusta
Pedro Laín Entralgo
Ramiro Ledesma Ramos
Ricardo León y Román
Leopoldo Lugones
Manuel Machado
Ramiro de Maeztu
Joan Maragall
José Antonio Maravall
Marcelino Menéndez y Pelayo
Eugenio Montes
Francisco Navarro Villoslada
Eugenio d'Ors
José Ortega y Gasset
Leopoldo Panero
José María Pemán
José María de Pereda
Josep Pla
Onésimo Redondo
Dionisio Ridruejo
Vicente Risco
Luis Rosales
Pedro Sainz Rodríguez
Rafael Sánchez Mazas
Manuel Tamayo y Baus
Gonzalo Torrente Ballester
Antonio Tovar
Miguel de Unamuno
Guillermo Valencia
Mario Vargas Llosa
Juan Vázquez de Mella
Lorenzo Villalonga
Hugo Wast
José Zorrilla
Italian:
Giovanni Boine
Massimo Bontempelli
Giuseppe Bottai
Pietrangelo Buttafuoco
Luigi Capuana
Giosuè Carducci
Enrico Corradini
Carlo Costamagna
Benedetto Croce
Gabriele D'Annunzio
Augusto Del Noce
Salvatore Di Giacomo
Andrea Emo
Julius Evola
Giovanni Gentile
Balbino Giuliano
Tommaso Landolfi
Agostino Lanzillo
Curzio Malaparte
Filippo Tommaso Marinetti
Mario Morasso
Gaetano Mosca
A. O. Olivetti
Alfredo Oriani
Giovanni Papini
Sergio Panunzio
Vilfredo Pareto
Camillo Pellizzi
Luigi Pirandello
Giuseppe Prezzolini
Berto Ricci
Alfredo Rocco
Ardengo Soffici
Ugo Spirito
Giuseppe Tomasi di Lampedusa
Federigo Tozzi
Guiseppe Ungaretti
Giovanni Verga
Gioacchino Volpe
Stefano Zecchi
Portuguese:
Lúcio Cardoso
Octavio de Faria
Alberto Monsaraz
Fernando Pessoa
Nelson Rodrigues
Russian:
Ivan Aksakov
Nikolai Berdyaev
Mikhail Bulgakov
Fyodor Dostoyevsky
Nikolai Gogol
Ivan Goncharov
Apollon Grigoriev
Nikolai Gumilev
Ivan Ilyin
Nikolai Karamzin
Konstantin Leontiev
Dmitry Merezhkovsky
Konstantin Pobedonostsev
Vasily Rozanov
Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn
Nikolai Strahkov
Lev Tikhomirov
Fyodor Tyutchev
Romanian:
Ion Luca Caragiale
Mateiu Caragiale
Petre P. Carp
Panait Cerna
Emil M. Cioran
George Coșbuc
Ion Creangă
Mircea Eliade
Mihai Eminescu
Ioan C. Filitti
Radu Gyr
Vintilă Horia
Nae Ionescu
Nicolae Iorga
Eugen Lovinescu
Titu Maiorescu
Constantin Noica
Vasile Pogor
Ioan Slavici
Petre Tuțea
George Uscătescu
Alexandru Vlahuță
Mircea Vulcănescu
Alexandru D. Xenopol
Duiliu Zamfirescu
Scandinavian:
Knut Hamsun
Verner von Heidenstam
Rolf Jacobsen
Søren Kierkegaard
Sigrid Undset
Robbie Fithon
ReplyDeleteA worthy addition to your interesting list would be: Henry Williamson, author of the prize-winning classic Tarka the Otter - a Fascist, supporter of Hitler and member of Sir Oswald Mosley's British Union of Fascists before the war.
ReplyDeleteI love this site...probably not for the reason it was created, but nevertheless it helped me a lot. I was looking for some authors that do not include their liberal/progressive/communist propaganda in their writing and now I have a place to start.
ReplyDeleteI don't agree with the name-calling and downright idiotic blurbs, but if the lefties hate them, those are the ones I'm going to read. Thanks!
You are a leftist provocateur, aren't you?
ReplyDeletebein' an anti-semite or facist or misogynist or racist or nihilist HAS NOTHING TO DO with catholicism or conservatism, you all -- marons
ReplyDeletekind of breathtaking ignorance - consider NAZI leftists ("NA"tionalso"ZI"alismus - got it?) - Marx followers, for years Stalin-buddies, enemies of the family, human life/dignity, religion, private property with "god"-Leader as a right-wing role models .....and putting them to the same sack with all those other good men.... -the stupidity, clearly, has no limits
ReplyDeleteAlexander Dugin: Russian Political Theorist and advisor to putin
ReplyDeleteBill Hopkins: An 'angry young man
American old right
Albert Jay Nock, Rose Wilder Lane, Garet Garrett,Raymond Moley, and Walter Lippmann
Robert Frost, Zora Neale Hurston, Ezra Pound, John Dos Passos, Frank Chodorov, Isabel Paterson, Ayn Rand, Louis Bromfield, Leonard Read, Francis Neilson, Felix Morley,
Southern Agrarians, notably Frank Lawrence Owsley, John Crowe Ransom, Donald Davidson and William Faulkner.
H.P Lovcraft
Robert E Howard
All of those associated with fascist sympathies above were stringent anti-capitalists. Fascism was a socialist ideology with only minimal free market pretensions. Ezra Pound was a classic example of this. But it is indeed true that Left Wing poetry is only in the ascendency now because of Left monopoly of the industry and its consequent nepotistic bias and agenda of antimeritocracy and affirmative action. Most Left Wing poets are terrible. They pretty much always have been.
ReplyDeleteFrank Herbert belongs on the list as well, and Robert Heinlein if no-one's mentioned him. Both were non socialist libertarians.
A note about Leszek Kolakowski and Andrzej Wajda from Poland. They are anti-communist but definitely not right-wingers. They are social-liberals or liberal left although Kolakowski has great respect for Christianity.
ReplyDeleteIf living in the modern age, Dante Alighieri and William Shakespeare would belong here. Shakespeare was a royalist, and Dante opposed the conjunction of church and state on grounds that modern social theorists would consider anti-collectivist. His religious models were surprisingly libertarian. I think it was Augustine who said that 'sin committed in the name of learning about morality is not a sin.' Something like that anyway. In other words, morality is worthless if people only act according to the mandates of the State.
ReplyDeleteActually, in emendation of the latter point, it was Thomas Aquinas who said that, though I don't remember the exact point, who aside from that made such points as, "Man cannot live without joy; therefore when he is deprived of true spiritual joys it is necessary that he become addicted to carnal pleasures", and also "Because of the diverse conditions of humans, it happens that some acts are virtuous to some people, as appropriate and suitable to them, while the same acts are immoral for others, as inappropriate to them" and made other arguments in favour of artistic meritocracy. In other words genuine liberalism has never been a product of statist anti-democracies, and a number of people believed now to have been Left leaning on account of the false equation of the Left with liberality have actually been centrists or centre Right.
ReplyDeleteSome people of culture from Poland (modern times):
ReplyDelete- Boguslaw Wolniewicz (philosopher, translator of Wittgenstein's works)
- Jaroslaw Marek Rymkiewicz (expert in Romanticism and poet)
- Wojciech Cejrowski (traveller and writer)
- Rafal Ziemkiewicz (sci-fi writer and journalist)
- Marcin Wolski (sci-fi writer)
- Bronislaw Wildstein (journalist and writer)
- Ryszard Legutko (philosopher, translator of Plato)
- Szczepan Twardoch (for some time, writer)
- Jakub Kijuc (comic book writer and artist)
- Tadek (patriotic rap singer)
- Ptaku (nationalist rap singer)
- Pawel Kukiz (musician and singer)
- Kazik Staszewski (musician and singer)
and some big names from Polish history:
ReplyDelete- Zygmunt Krasinski (poet)
- Henryk Sienkiewicz (writer, Nobel Prize)
- Ignacy Jan Paderewski (composer)
- Roman Dmowski (father of Polish nationalism, diplomatist and writer)
- Ferdynand Ossendowski (traveler, writer)
- Zofia Kossak (catholic writer)
- Stefan Kisielewski (writer)
- Jozef Mackiewicz (writer)
- Jan Stachniuk (the only Polish ideologist of pagan nationalism)
- Stanislaw Szukalski (artist)
from today's Italy:
ReplyDelete- Gianfranco de Turris (philosopher and fantasy writer, traditionalist from so-called "Tolkienic Right")
from USA:
- Harold Covington (writer, white nationalist - white separatist)
- Gregory Kay (writer, Southern nationalist)
- Matthew Bracken (writer)
- Mark Goodwin (Christian writer)
Bram Stoker, Edgar Allan Poe and Philip K Dick.
ReplyDeleteThe Polish list needs a supplement:
ReplyDelete- Feliks Koneczny (philosopher, historian, theorist of civilization)
- Marek Hłasko (writer, a communist in the beginning, then devoted anti-communist, wanted to join American army to fight in the Vietnam war)
- Zbigniew Herbert (poet)
- Adolf Nowaczynski (writer)
- Adam Wielomski (political science)
- Jacek Bartyzel (political science)
- Marek Jan Chodakiewicz (political science)
- Andrzej Zybertowicz (sociologist)
- Waldemar Lysiak (writer, historian)
- Mieczyslaw Albert Krapiec (Catholic philosopher, tomist)
Someone also suggested:
ReplyDelete- Paweł Włodkowic (15th Century, philosopher and theorist of law)
Hunter Thompson right-wing...
ReplyDeleteHahahahahahhahaha
I admire the effort, but most of these selections belie political ignorance. Especially the Faulkner entry or anyone associated with the Nazis (national SOCIALISTS).
ReplyDeleteSorry but your list is a potpourri of people whose "conservatism" can mean anything from Catholicism to laissez faire, Puritanism, national socialism, or traditionalism. I'd say it sums up quite well the confusion that surrounds the term "conservative".
ReplyDeleteGreat and that i have a swell give: How To Properly Renovate A House my home renovation
ReplyDelete